Indução de divisão nuclear simétrica e estruturas multinucleadas em micrósporos de berinjela (Solanum melongena L.) cultivados in vitro

Uma modificação de um protocolo utilizado para induzir embriogênese a partir de micrósporos de tabaco foi testada em berinjela (Solanum melongena L.). Em tabaco, micrósporos uninucleados são submetidos a um tratamento de estresse em meio "B" contendo manitol a 33ºC por seis dias. Os micrósporos são então transferidos para um meio AT3 contendo maltose para as fases posteriores de desenvolvimento. Neste estudo, micrósporos uninucleados e binucleados tardios do cultivar de berinjela Bambino foram pré-cultivados em meio "B" e, posteriormente, incubados a 4ºC, 25ºC e 33ºC por dois dias. Após os pré-tratamentos, as culturas de micrósporos foram transferidas para o meio AT3 contendo maltose 0,25 M e mantidas a 25ºC no escuro. A presença de divisão simétrica e estruturas multinucleadas foram verificadas com coloração DAPI do núcleo após uma e duas semanas. Foram observadas divisões simétricas dos núcleos e estruturas multinucleadas somente em micrósporos uninucleados, pré-tratados a 33ºC por dois dias. A frequência de estruturas multinucleadas foi de 19,4% sob essas condições. Nós demonstramos que a berinjela responde ao protocolo modificado de tabaco para produção de divisões simétricas e estruturas multinucleadas. Esses resultados podem ser utilizados como base para uma completa adaptação do sistema de tabaco em berinjela.A modification of a protocol used to induce tobacco microspore embryogenesis was tested in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). In tobacco, uninucleate microspores are subjected to stress treatment by culturing in mannitol containing "B" medium at 33ºC for six days. The microspores are then transferred to maltose containing AT3 medium for further development. In the experiment presented here late uninucleate and bi-nucleate microspores of the eggplant cultivar Bambino were pre-cultured in B medium and then incubated at +4ºC, 25ºC and 33ºC, respectively, for two days. After the pre-treatments, microspore cultures were transferred to AT3 medium containing 0.25 M maltose and maintained at 25ºC in the dark. Presence of symmetrical division and multinucleate structures was checked with DAPI staining of the nucleus after one and two weeks. Symmetrical division of the nucleus and multinucleate structures were observed only in uni-nucleate microspores pre-treated at 33ºC for two days. The frequency of multinucleate structures was 19.4% under these conditions. We demonstrated that eggplant is responsive to the modified tobacco protocol in the production of symmetrically division and multinucleate structures. These results may be used as a basis for adaptation fully of the tobacco system in eggplant

EFFECTS OF TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM ON LETTUCE IN PROTECTED CULTIVATION

Effects of Trichoderma harzianum on lettuce seedling development, plant quality characteristics at harvest and yield were investigated. Experiments were carried out in an unheated glasshouse where composted straw bales were used as the growing medium. A part of the experiment was carried out in a high tunnel where soil was the growing medium. Seeds were sown in peat and seedlings were grown in the presence of T. harzianum at dosages of 5, 10 and 15 g m-2 applied at sowing. Among the seedling characteristics studied only seedling fresh weight of cv. Yedikule was increased significantly. Effect of T. harzianum on lettuce yield was not statistically significant. In the glasshouse, the straw bales were composted with two different methods. In the method I, 134g N, 13g P, 25g K, and 76 g Ca, and in the method II, 54.3g N, 26g P, and 22.6g Ca were provided to the straw bales. The marketable yield of cv. Yedikule from the straw bales of method I was 503 g plant-1 from 15 g m-2 whereas the control remained the lowest with 425 g plant-1. For the same cultivar grown on the method II the highest marketable yield was obtained from 10 g m-2 with 303 g plant-1 compared to the control (150 g plant-1). The cv. Coolguard grown in the straw bales was tested only with the method I and the highest yield was from 15 g m-2 with 570 g plant-1 compared to 551 g plant-1 from the control. Dosage main effect regarding marketable yield in soil in the tunnel was not significant

Ciprofloxacin is not a better choice in the patients with diabetes suffering urinary tract infection

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine antibacterial susceptibilities of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from diabetic and non-diabetic patients as infectious agents of community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI) and to compare their rates of resistance to the antibiotics frequently used in empirical treatment. Methods: Ninety-six diabetic and sixty-eight non-diabetic (total n=164) patients’ data were evaluated retrospectively who diagnosed as community-acquired urinary system infection and consulted to outpatient clinics of Department of Endocrinology and Infectious Diseases of Firat University School of Medicine between January 1st , 2014 and December 31st, 2014 whose urine cultures demonstrated Gram-negative bacteria were included in the study. Antibiotic susceptibilities of the isolated bacteria were determined using Vitek 2 automated system and the results were evaluated as sensitive and resistant. Results: In both diabetic and non-diabetic patient groups, most frequently Escherichia coli (88.5% in diabetic and 85.3% in non-diabetic groups) were isolated. In the diabetic group, microorganisms mostly demonstrated the highest rates of resistance against ampicillin, cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and in the non-diabetic group ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefuroxime and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Conclusion: Resistance to ciprofloxacin was at a significantly higher rate in the diabetic group. In diabetic patients, it will be more appropriate to give antibiotherapy in urinary system infections based on the antibacterial susceptibility test results

Induction of symmetrical nucleus division and multi-nucleate structures in microspores of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) cultured in vitro

A modification of a protocol used to induce tobacco microspore embryogenesis was tested in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). In tobacco, uninucleate microspores are subjected to stress treatment by culturing in mannitol containing "B" medium at 33ºC for six days. The microspores are then transferred to maltose containing AT3 medium for further development. In the experiment presented here late uninucleate and bi-nucleate microspores of the eggplant cultivar Bambino were pre-cultured in B medium and then incubated at +4ºC, 25ºC and 33ºC, respectively, for two days. After the pre-treatments, microspore cultures were transferred to AT3 medium containing 0.25 M maltose and maintained at 25ºC in the dark. Presence of symmetrical division and multinucleate structures was checked with DAPI staining of the nucleus after one and two weeks. Symmetrical division of the nucleus and multinucleate structures were observed only in uni-nucleate microspores pre-treated at 33ºC for two days. The frequency of multinucleate structures was 19.4% under these conditions. We demonstrated that eggplant is responsive to the modified tobacco protocol in the production of symmetrically division and multinucleate structures. These results may be used as a basis for adaptation fully of the tobacco system in eggplant

Pulmonary Artery Distensibility is Worsened in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) leads to right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension (PH) in the later stages. Early determination of these conditions is very important

A new objective function design for optimization of secondary controllers in load frequency control

In this study, load frequency control (LFC) of two-area non-reheat thermal power system and multi-source power systems is addressed. A simple PID-structured controller is used as a secondary controller in these systems. To raise the performance of PID controller, a new multi-objective function is designed and PID controller parameters are acquired by minimizing the value of this function with symbiotic organisms search (SOS) algorithm. All electrical power systems simulated are modeled in MATLAB/Simulink environment and the optimizer is coded in MATLAB/M-file platform. In order to affirm the contribution of the work, results collected from each power system are compared with popular results published in prestigious journals. As per the comparative results, despite its simplicity, SOS:PID controller tuned via the proposed objective function is observed to result in better performance than other approaches in terms of oscillations, settling time, maximum overshoot and maximum undershoot time domain indicators of the frequency and tie-line power change curves.WOS:0006925219000212-s2.0-8511779195

Retrospective Analysis of Trauma Patients Who were Treated and Followed in Anesthesia Intensive Care Unit

Objective: Intensive care units (ICU) are multidisciplinary structures dealing with potentially life-threatening diseases. Trauma patients are among some of the patients treated in ICU. In this study, we aimed to investigate the causes of mortality and morbidity in trauma patients treated in our ICU